Investigaciones en Nakum, sitio de cultura Maya, Petén, Guatemala.
Abstract
The article was originally without an abstract. Short description by Editorial Team.
Nakum is an archaeological site in northern Guatemala. The geographic setting of the site and the history of research are being described here. Hermes and Calderón provide preliminary ideas about the chronology of the site. Also results of surveys led by Justyna Olko in the peripheries (areas outside the central, monumental architecture zone) of Nakum are included here. Jarosław Źrałka describes the observations that relate to the depopulation of the site.
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References
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CHASE Arlen R, 1990, Maya Archaeology and Population Estimates in the Tayasal-Paxcaman Zone, Peten, Guatemala, en: Culbert, Rice 1990, pp. 149- 165.
CHASE Diane, CHASE Arlen R, 1987, Investigations at the Classic Maya City of Caracol, Belize: 1985-1987, Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, San Francisco, Monograph 3
CHASE Diane, CHASE Arlen F., 1988, A Postclassic Perspective: Escavations at the Maya Site of Santa Rita Corozal, Belize, Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, Monograph 4, San Francisco.
CULBERT Patrick, 1973, The Maya Downfall at Tikal, en: P. Culbert (ed.), The Classic Maya Collapse, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 63-92.
CULBERT Patrick T., RICE Don S. (eds.), 1990, Precolumbian Population History in the Maya Lowlands, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
CULBERT Patrick T., RICE Don S., 1990, Historical Contexts for Population Reconstruction In the Maya Lowlands, en: Culbert, Rice (eds.), 1990, pp. 1-29 .
CULBERT Patrick T„ KOSSAKOWSKY Laura J., FRY Robert E„ HAV1LAND William A., 1990, The Population of Tikal, Guatemala, en: Culbert, Rice (eds.), 1990, pp. 103 - 121.
CULBERT Patrick, LEVI Laura, McK.EE Brian, KUNEN Julie, 1996, Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Bajo la Justa, entre Yaxhá y Nakum, en: J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo (eds.), IX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1995, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 51-57.
CULBERT Patrick, FIALKO Vilma, McKEE Brian, GRAZIOSO Liwy, KUNEN Julie, PÁEZ Leonel, 1997, Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Bajo la Justa, Peten, en: J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo (eds.), X Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1996, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 367-371.
DARCH Janice P., 1983, Vegetation Associations at Pulltrouser Swamp, en: Turner, Harrison 1983, pp. 21 - 29.
DEMAREST Arthur, 2001, Nuevos datos y modelos complejos del colapso de las ciudades arqueológicas en Peten, en: J.P. Laporte, A.C. de Suasnavar, B. Arroyo (eds.), XIV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 2000, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 445-460.
DEMAREST Arthur, HOUSTON Stephen D., 1990, Proyecto Arqueoloógico Regional Petexbatún. Informe Preliminar No.2, Segunda Temporada ¡990, Informe para Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala
DUNNING Nicholas P., 1992, Lords of the Hills: Ancient Maya Settlement in the Puuc Region, Yucatan, Mexico, Monographs in World Archaeology, no. 15, Prehistory Press, Madison, Wisconsin
DUNNING Nicholas P., 1999, Puuc Ecology and Settlement Patterns, en: Prem (ed.) Hidden Among the Hills. Maya Archaeology of the Northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Acta Mesoamericana, Vol.7, Verlag Anton Saurwein, pp. 27-42.
FIALKO COXEMANS Vilma, 1997, Arqueología regional de intersitios entre los centros urbanos mayas de Yaxhá y Nakum, Beiträge zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie, Band 17, Mainz.
FIALKO COXEMANS Vilma, 2000, Recursos hidráulicos en Tikal y sus periferias, en: J.P.
Laporte, H. Escobedo, A.C. Monzón de Suasnávar (eds.), Xlll Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1999, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 685-695.
FORD Anabel, 1986, Population Growth and Social Complexity: An Examination of Settlement and Environment in the Central Maya Lowlands, Anthropological Research Papers No. 35, Arizona State University.
FREIDEL David, Jeremy A.SABLOFF, 1984, Cozumel. Late Maya Settlement Patterns, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida
FRY Robert, 1969, Ceramics and Settlement in the Periphery of Tikal, Guatemala, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson
GRUBE Nikolai, 2000, Monumentos esculpidos e inscripciones jeroglíficas en el triángulo Yaxhá-Nakum-Naranjo, en: W. Wurster (ed.), El sitio Maya de Topoxle. Investigaciones en una isla del lago Yaxhá, Peten, Guatemala, Verlag Phillip von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, pp. 249-268.
HANSEN SPROSS, Barbara C., 1990, Pollen Stratigraphy of Laguna de Cocos, en: Mary D.
Pohl (ed.), Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture, Excavations on Albion Island, Northern Belize, Weswiew Press Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford, pp. 154 - 185.
HARRISON, Peter D., 1977, The Rise of the bajos and the Fall of the Maya, en: N. Hammond (ed.), Social Process in Maya Prehistory, Studies in Honour of Sir Eric Thompson, Academic Press London, Nowy Jork, San Francisco, pp. 469 - 507.
HAVILAND, William A., 1985, Excavations in Small Residential Groups of Tikal: Groups 4F-I and 4F-2, Tikal Reports No. ¡9, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
HAVILAND, William A., 1989, Excavations in Residential Areas of Tikal: Non-Elite Groups Without Shrines, Tikal Reports No.20, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
HELLMUTH, Nicholas, 1992, A Report to IDAEH on four days research at Nakum, Foundation for Latin American Anthropological Research.
HERMES, Bernard, 2000, Sintesis y consideraciones finales por periodo cronológico, en: W.
Wurster (ed.), El Sitio maya de Topoxte. Investigaciones en una isla del Lago Yaxhá, Peten, Guatemala, Materialen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie, No 57, KAVA-DAI, Bonn.
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HERMES, Bernard, G. GALINDO, R. VERAS, 1993 Investigation of Structure 216 of Yaxhá, en: Mexicon, Vol. XV, No 4, pp. 66-67.
HERMES, Bernard, Zoila CALDERÓN, 1999, Memoria anual de actividades. Unidad de arqueología local, año 1999, Informe entregado al Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala
HERMES, Bernard, Paulino MORALES, Sebastian MÖLLERS, 1999, Investigación arqueológica en Yaxhá, Peten: La Calzada del Lago y La Vía 5, en: J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, A.C. Monzón de Suasnavar (eds.), XII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1998, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, Asociación Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 115-147.
HERMES, Bernard, Justyna OLKO, Jarosław ŹRAŁKA, 2002 Entre el arte elitista y el arte popular: los graffiti de Nakum, Peten, Guatemala, en: Mexicon, Vol.XXIV, pp.124132. ' "
JOHNSTON, Kevin, 1997, Ecología agrícola tropical y el colapso Maya, en: J.P. Laporte, H.
Escobedo (eds.), X Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1996, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, Asociación Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 483-490.
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MIKSICEK Charles H., 1990, Early Wetland Agriculture in the Maya Lowlands: Clues from Preserved Plant Remains, en: Mary D. Pohl (ed.), Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture, Excavations on Albion Island, Northern Belize, Weswiew Press Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford, pp. 295 - 312.
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POHL Mary, POPE K.O., JONES J.G., JACOB J.S, PIPERNO D.R., DEFRANCE S.D, LENTZ D.L., GIFFORD J.A., DANFORTH M.E., JOSSERAND J.K., 1996, Early agriculture un the Maya Lowlands, en: Latin American Antiquity 7 (4): 355 - 372.
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CHASE Arlen R, 1990, Maya Archaeology and Population Estimates in the Tayasal-Paxcaman Zone, Peten, Guatemala, en: Culbert, Rice 1990, pp. 149- 165.
CHASE Diane, CHASE Arlen R, 1987, Investigations at the Classic Maya City of Caracol, Belize: 1985-1987, Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, San Francisco, Monograph 3
CHASE Diane, CHASE Arlen F., 1988, A Postclassic Perspective: Escavations at the Maya Site of Santa Rita Corozal, Belize, Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, Monograph 4, San Francisco.
CULBERT Patrick, 1973, The Maya Downfall at Tikal, en: P. Culbert (ed.), The Classic Maya Collapse, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 63-92.
CULBERT Patrick T., RICE Don S. (eds.), 1990, Precolumbian Population History in the Maya Lowlands, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
CULBERT Patrick T., RICE Don S., 1990, Historical Contexts for Population Reconstruction In the Maya Lowlands, en: Culbert, Rice (eds.), 1990, pp. 1-29 .
CULBERT Patrick T„ KOSSAKOWSKY Laura J., FRY Robert E„ HAV1LAND William A., 1990, The Population of Tikal, Guatemala, en: Culbert, Rice (eds.), 1990, pp. 103 - 121.
CULBERT Patrick, LEVI Laura, McK.EE Brian, KUNEN Julie, 1996, Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Bajo la Justa, entre Yaxhá y Nakum, en: J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo (eds.), IX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1995, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 51-57.
CULBERT Patrick, FIALKO Vilma, McKEE Brian, GRAZIOSO Liwy, KUNEN Julie, PÁEZ Leonel, 1997, Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Bajo la Justa, Peten, en: J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo (eds.), X Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1996, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 367-371.
DARCH Janice P., 1983, Vegetation Associations at Pulltrouser Swamp, en: Turner, Harrison 1983, pp. 21 - 29.
DEMAREST Arthur, 2001, Nuevos datos y modelos complejos del colapso de las ciudades arqueológicas en Peten, en: J.P. Laporte, A.C. de Suasnavar, B. Arroyo (eds.), XIV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 2000, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 445-460.
DEMAREST Arthur, HOUSTON Stephen D., 1990, Proyecto Arqueoloógico Regional Petexbatún. Informe Preliminar No.2, Segunda Temporada ¡990, Informe para Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala
DUNNING Nicholas P., 1992, Lords of the Hills: Ancient Maya Settlement in the Puuc Region, Yucatan, Mexico, Monographs in World Archaeology, no. 15, Prehistory Press, Madison, Wisconsin
DUNNING Nicholas P., 1999, Puuc Ecology and Settlement Patterns, en: Prem (ed.) Hidden Among the Hills. Maya Archaeology of the Northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Acta Mesoamericana, Vol.7, Verlag Anton Saurwein, pp. 27-42.
FIALKO COXEMANS Vilma, 1997, Arqueología regional de intersitios entre los centros urbanos mayas de Yaxhá y Nakum, Beiträge zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie, Band 17, Mainz.
FIALKO COXEMANS Vilma, 2000, Recursos hidráulicos en Tikal y sus periferias, en: J.P.
Laporte, H. Escobedo, A.C. Monzón de Suasnávar (eds.), Xlll Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1999, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación de Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 685-695.
FORD Anabel, 1986, Population Growth and Social Complexity: An Examination of Settlement and Environment in the Central Maya Lowlands, Anthropological Research Papers No. 35, Arizona State University.
FREIDEL David, Jeremy A.SABLOFF, 1984, Cozumel. Late Maya Settlement Patterns, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida
FRY Robert, 1969, Ceramics and Settlement in the Periphery of Tikal, Guatemala, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson
GRUBE Nikolai, 2000, Monumentos esculpidos e inscripciones jeroglíficas en el triángulo Yaxhá-Nakum-Naranjo, en: W. Wurster (ed.), El sitio Maya de Topoxle. Investigaciones en una isla del lago Yaxhá, Peten, Guatemala, Verlag Phillip von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, pp. 249-268.
HANSEN SPROSS, Barbara C., 1990, Pollen Stratigraphy of Laguna de Cocos, en: Mary D.
Pohl (ed.), Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture, Excavations on Albion Island, Northern Belize, Weswiew Press Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford, pp. 154 - 185.
HARRISON, Peter D., 1977, The Rise of the bajos and the Fall of the Maya, en: N. Hammond (ed.), Social Process in Maya Prehistory, Studies in Honour of Sir Eric Thompson, Academic Press London, Nowy Jork, San Francisco, pp. 469 - 507.
HAVILAND, William A., 1985, Excavations in Small Residential Groups of Tikal: Groups 4F-I and 4F-2, Tikal Reports No. ¡9, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
HAVILAND, William A., 1989, Excavations in Residential Areas of Tikal: Non-Elite Groups Without Shrines, Tikal Reports No.20, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
HELLMUTH, Nicholas, 1992, A Report to IDAEH on four days research at Nakum, Foundation for Latin American Anthropological Research.
HERMES, Bernard, 2000, Sintesis y consideraciones finales por periodo cronológico, en: W.
Wurster (ed.), El Sitio maya de Topoxte. Investigaciones en una isla del Lago Yaxhá, Peten, Guatemala, Materialen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie, No 57, KAVA-DAI, Bonn.
HERMES, Bernard, 2001a, La secuencia de ocupación prehispánica en el área de la Laguna Yaxhá, Peten: una síntesis, en: J.P. Laporte, A.C. de Suasnavar, B. Arroyo (eds.), XIV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 2000, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 177-202.
HERMES, Bernard, 2001b, Síntesis preliminar de la ocupación prehispánica en el epicentro de Nakum, manuscrito en la posesión del autor.
HERMES, Bernard, G. GALINDO, R. VERAS, 1993 Investigation of Structure 216 of Yaxhá, en: Mexicon, Vol. XV, No 4, pp. 66-67.
HERMES, Bernard, Zoila CALDERÓN, 1999, Memoria anual de actividades. Unidad de arqueología local, año 1999, Informe entregado al Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala
HERMES, Bernard, Paulino MORALES, Sebastian MÖLLERS, 1999, Investigación arqueológica en Yaxhá, Peten: La Calzada del Lago y La Vía 5, en: J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, A.C. Monzón de Suasnavar (eds.), XII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1998, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, Asociación Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 115-147.
HERMES, Bernard, Justyna OLKO, Jarosław ŹRAŁKA, 2002 Entre el arte elitista y el arte popular: los graffiti de Nakum, Peten, Guatemala, en: Mexicon, Vol.XXIV, pp.124132. ' "
JOHNSTON, Kevin, 1997, Ecología agrícola tropical y el colapso Maya, en: J.P. Laporte, H.
Escobedo (eds.), X Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1996, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, Asociación Tikal, Guatemala, pp. 483-490.
JOHNSTON, Kevin, Ferndando MOSCOSO MÖLLER, Stefan SCHMITT, 1992, Casas novisibles de los mayas Clásicos: Estructuras residenciales sin plataformas basales en Itzán, Peten, en: V Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, Museo Nacional de Antropología e Etnología, Guatemala, pp. 147-162.
LAPORTE Juan Pedro, 1989, Alternativas del Clásico Temprano en la relación Tikal-Teotihuacán: Grupo 6C-XVI Tikal, Peten, Guatemala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
LENTZ David L., 1991, Maya diet of the rich nad poor: Paleobothanical evidence from Copan, en: Latin American Antiquity 2: 269 - 287.
LENTZ David L., 1999, Plant Resources of the Ancient Maya, The Paleobothanical Evidence, en: White ¡999, pp.3-18.
MALER Teobert, 1901-1903, Researches in the Central Portion of the Usumacinta Valley, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum, Vol. II, nr 1-2, Harvard University, Cambridge.
MALER Teobert, 1911, Explorations in the Department of Peten, Guatemala: Tikal, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum, Vol.V, nr 1, Harvard University, Cambridge.
McANANY Patricia A., 1995, Living with the Ancestors. Kinship and Kingship in Ancient Maya Society, Univeristy of Texas Press, Austin.
McKILLOP Heather, 1996, Ancient Maya Trading Ports and the Integration of LongDistance and Regional Economies. Wild Cane Cay in South-Coastal Belize, en: Ancient Mesoamerica 7: 49-62
MIKSICEK Charles H., 1983, Macrofloral Remains of the Pulltrouser Area: Settlements and Fields, en: Turner, Harrison (eds.) 1983, pp. 94 - 104.
MIKSICEK Charles H., 1990, Early Wetland Agriculture in the Maya Lowlands: Clues from Preserved Plant Remains, en: Mary D. Pohl (ed.), Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture, Excavations on Albion Island, Northern Belize, Weswiew Press Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford, pp. 295 - 312.
MORLEY Sylvanus G., 1946, The Ancient Maya, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California
NORIEGA Raul, HERMES Bernard, 2000, Avance en los trabajos de investigación arqueológica y restauración en los Edificios N, 60 y 61 de Nakum, en: XIII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala 1999, J.R Laporte, H. Escobedo, A.C.Monzon de Suasnavar (eds)., Museo Nacional de Arqueología e Etnología, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, IDAEH, Asociación Tikal, Guatemala.
PENDERGAST David M., 1982, Excavations at Altun Ha, Belize, 1964-1970, Vol.2, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.
PERIGNY Maurice de, 1910, Villes Martes de l’Amérique Céntrale. Le Tour du Monde, Tome 15, Paris.
POHL Mary, POPE K.O., JONES J.G., JACOB J.S, PIPERNO D.R., DEFRANCE S.D, LENTZ D.L., GIFFORD J.A., DANFORTH M.E., JOSSERAND J.K., 1996, Early agriculture un the Maya Lowlands, en: Latin American Antiquity 7 (4): 355 - 372.
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Published
2002-12-31
How to Cite
Hermes, B., Calderón, Z., Olko, J., & Źrałka, J. (2002). Investigaciones en Nakum, sitio de cultura Maya, Petén, Guatemala. Estudios Latinoamericanos, 22, 209-247. https://doi.org/10.36447/Estudios2002.v22.art14
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